Key Terms

Here are some of the key terms that get used when talking about Shakespeare’s language, so you can look out for them in The Tempest.
  • Iambic Pentameter

    Play Iambic Pentameter Video

    Iambic pentameter is the name given to the rhythm that Shakespeare uses in his plays. The rhythm of iambic pentameter is like a heartbeat, with one soft beat and one strong beat repeated five times.

    Where will I find it in The Tempest?

    Iambic pentameter is used almost all the time in The Tempest. If you count the syllables in this line, where Prospero reassures Miranda about the storm, you can see how it works: ‘I have done nothing but in care of thee’ (Prospero, 1:2).
  • Prose and Verse

    Play Prose and Verse Video

    Shakespeare writes in a combination of prose and verse. Prose is a conversational way of speaking which doesn’t have a set rhythm or structure. Verse always has a set rhythm and structure.

    Where will I find it in The Tempest?

    80% of The Tempest is written in verse, so it’s interesting to watch out for where it isn’t used. You can tell by looking at the page in the script. Where it looks like a poem, Shakespeare is using verse. When it looks like writing in a book that goes the whole way across the page, he is writing in prose. As an example, Trinculo and Stephano generally speak in prose.
  • Rhyming Couplets

    Play Rhyming Couplets Video

    Rhyming couplets are two lines written in iambic pentameter that end in the same sound, or a rhyme. They are often used to sum up the end of a character’s speech.

    Where will I find it in The Tempest?

    Rhyming couplets are not used very often in The Tempest. In Act 4 Scene 1, when Prospero conjures the spirits to perform, the spirits speak in more formal verse and often use rhyming couplets. For example, Iris ends her first speech with ‘To come and sport. Her peacocks fly amain: / Approach, rich Ceres, her to entertain.' (Iris, 4:1) It seems that Shakespeare is contrasting this more formal verse with how the mortals speak.
  • Antithesis

    Play Antithesis Video

    Antithesis happens when two opposites are put together. For example, hot and cold or light and dark.

    Where will I find it in The Tempest?

    In Act 3 Caliban describes the noises of the island ‘that give delight and hurt not’ (Caliban, 3:2), contrasting pleasure and pain. Caliban and Ariel are often regarded as the antithesis of each other: one is heavy and of the earth while the other is light and of the air.

Test Yourself on language terms

Shakespeare writes in a combination of prose and verse. Verse is like poetry and it has a set structure and rhythm. The rhythm Shakespeare uses in his plays is called iambic pentameter, which is like a heartbeat, with one soft beat and one strong beat repeated five times. Sometimes it’s also interesting to look at lines that don’t match the rhythm of iambic pentameter and to think about why.
In Shakespeare’s plays, you will find examples of antithesis, which is when two opposites are put together, like hot and cold or light and dark. Characters also often end speeches with rhyming couplets, which are two lines written in iambic pentameter that end in the same sound, or a rhyme.

Prose

The style of writing you might find in a book.

Take another look at the prose and verse definitions

Structure

Another word for organise or lay out.

Take another look at Nia’s definition of verse

Iambic

This words comes from the Latin word iam meaning beat.

Take another look at the iambic pentameter definitions

Heartbeat

The rhythm you feel in your chest, like a pulse.

Take another look at Nia’s definition of iambic pentameter

Five

The Latin word for this number is ‘pent’.

Take another look at the definition of iambic pentameter

Opposites

Another word for completely different things.

Take another look at Nia’s definition of antithesis

Dark

The total opposite of light.

Take another look at the definition of antithesis

Couplets

Another word for when two lines are coupled together.

Take another look at the definition of rhyming couplets

Iambic Pentameter

The name for the rhythm Shakespeare writes in.

Take another look at your third answer and take another look at the definitions.

Sound

Another word for something you hear.

Take another look at Nia’s definition of rhyming couplets

Teacher Notes

You can use the activities in the videos on this page with students, to explore the language in the play as you work through it. The activity which is used to explore iambic pentameter will be very useful in understanding rhythm and structure.